![]() Of special interest are unanswered questions regarding alveolar dynamics such as: What are physiologic alveolar dynamics? How do these dynamics change under pathologic conditions and how do those changes contribute to ventilator-induced lung injury? How can alveolar dynamics be targeted in a beneficial way? With respect to alveolar perfusion IVM has propelled our understanding of the pulmonary microcirculation and its perfusion, as well as pulmonary vasoreactivity, permeability and immunological aspects. ![]() In this review we will discuss two main topics, namely alveolar dynamics and perfusion from the perspective of IVM-based studies. By the use of lung windows, which have advanced and improved over time, direct access to the lung surface is provided. Especially for anatomically complex and dynamic organs such as the lung and its main functional unit, the alveolus, IVM provides exclusive advantages in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. Intravital microscopy (IVM) offers unique possibilities for the observation of biological processes and disease related mechanisms in vivo. 3Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.2The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St.1Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.Jasmin Matuszak 1 Arata Tabuchi 2 Wolfgang M.
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